CMOS-Compatible Protonic Programmable Resistor Based on Phosphosilicate Glass Electrolyte for Analog Deep Learning
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ion intercalation based programmable resistors have emerged as a potential next-generation technology for analog deep-learning applications. Proton, being the smallest ion, is a very promising candidate to enable devices with high modulation speed, low energy consumption, and enhanced endurance. In this work, we report on the first back-end CMOS-compatible nonvolatile protonic programmable resistor enabled by the integration of phosphosilicate glass (PSG) as the proton solid electrolyte layer. PSG is an outstanding solid electrolyte material that displays both excellent protonic conduction and electronic insulation characteristics. Moreover, it is a well-known material within conventional Si fabrication, which enables precise deposition control and scalability. Our scaled all-solid-state three-terminal devices show desirable modulation characteristics in terms of symmetry, retention, endurance, and energy efficiency. Protonic programmable resistors based on phosphosilicate glass, therefore, represent promising candidates to realize nanoscale analog crossbar processors for monolithic CMOS integration.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it