A Randomized Clinical Trial in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Effects of a Pulse‐Based Diet and Exercise Intervention on Blood Lipids, Body Composition and Reproductive Measures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. Clinical symptoms of the syndrome include menstrual irregularities, hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance, and women with PCOS are predisposed to an increased risk of heart disease, diabetes and infertility. Pulse‐based diets (e.g., beans, chickpeas) have insulin lowering effects and we hypothesized that a pulse‐based diet would have a positive effect on serum lipid profiles, body composition as analyzed by dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry, and reproductive measures. Sixty‐one women with PCOS aged 18–35y were randomly assigned to groups receiving a pulse‐based diet (n = 30) or the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) therapeutic lifestyle changes (TLC) diet (n = 31) for 16 wks while participating in an exercise program. Following the intervention, there was a significant time main effect (p < 0.02) and group × time interaction (p < 0.05) in cholesterol ratio (total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol) and LDL cholesterol, with a significantly lower cholesterol ratio (−0.36) and LDL cholesterol level (−0.27 mmol/L) in the pulse‐group following the intervention. Significant group × time interactions were also found in HDL cholesterol (p = 0.009) and triglyceride (p = 0.04), with lower HDL in the TLC‐group (−0.08 mmol/L) and lower triglyceride in the pulse‐group following the intervention (−0.2 mmol/L). There was a time main effect for lower total cholesterol (p = 0.003), fasting insulin (p = 0.04), systolic blood pressure (p = 0.0001) and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.034), with no differences between groups. We also found a significant time main effect for lower BMI (p = 0.006), whole body fat mass (p = 0.003), trunk fat mass (p = 0.0004), % fat (p = 0.0002), as well as higher % appendicular skeletal muscle mass (p = 0.0006), with no difference in whole body lean mass. Both groups also had a lower antral follicle count in the right ovary (p=0.003) and left ovary (p < 0.001) following the intervention. Lifestyle modifications, including diet and exercise, are currently the first‐line treatment recommended for women with PCOS; however, there are currently no specific diet recommendations for women with PCOS. Our results demonstrate that a pulse‐based diet is more effective than the TLC‐diet for improving cholesterol ratio, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides in women with PCOS. Support or Funding Information Supported by Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada, Saskatchewan Pulse Growers, the Canada Foundation for Innovation, and Saskatchewan Health Research Foundation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.012 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".