Smooth Pursuit Eye Movement Impairments Following SRC Compared To Healthy Controls.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The brainstem, which includes the midbrain, have been recently implicated as a site of potential axonal damage following a sport-related concussion (SRC). These areas of the brain are involved in the appropriate execution of eye movements. If impaired, oculomotor control could be influenced which may lead to a decline in motion perception. Unfortunately, information is lacking regarding the influence of SRC on specific eye movements during a dynamic visual acuity (DVA) task. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare smooth pursuit eye movements (SPEMs) and saccades among athletes with SRC and healthy controls during a DVA task. METHODS: 13 NCAA Division 1 SRC (avg. age = 20 years) and 13 healthy controls (avg. age = 21 years) performed an SVA and an adaptive DVA task. Athletes with SRC were diagnosed by the head team physician and assessed within 24-48 hours. For the SVA task, participants performed a series of acuity Es from a distance of 150 cm. For the DVA task, participants tracked a Landolt C during 120 randomized trials (60 trials of smooth pursuit at 30°/s [SPEM], and 60 trials of saccades at 90°/s). Participants were fitted with a head-mounted binocular video oculography eye tracker (Eyelink SR Research, 500 Hz, Ottawa, CN), with their chin stabilized 154 cm away from the 26° visual field monitor (165 Hz, 2560 x 1440 pixel resolution, 300 cd/m2 luminance). Using a 2-up-1-down staircase method, the participants were asked to track the Landolt-C that moved horizontally left to right across the center of the screen, in addition to answering what direction the Landolt C was facing (up, down, left, or right) using the arrow keys. SPEM velocity gain and saccadic peak velocity were calculated and compared among groups. RESULTS: SPEM gain for SRC (1.07 + 0.05) was significantly higher than the control group (1.04 + 0.03, p = 0.038, Cohen’s d = 0.86) while saccadic peak velocity was not different between the groups (SRC = 405 + 38.2 m/s, control = 417 + 47.2 m/s; p = 0.507). CONCLUSIONS: While both groups demonstrated higher than average SPEM gain, which varies from 0.95 (lagging behind target) to 1.0 (directly on target); SRC may cause an increase of SPEM gain. These data indicate that athletes with SRC may lead a visual target with their eyes during an adaptive DVA task.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".