Racial/ethnic inequality in the association of allostatic load and dental caries in children
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Allostatic load (AL), defined as the overtime "wear and tear" on biological systems due to stress, disproportionately affects racial/ethnic minorities and has been shown to associate with racial inequality in oral health in the adult population. This study aims to assess racial/ethnic inequality in AL and untreated dental caries (UD) in children, and to assess the association between allostatic load and UD, and whether it varies by race/ethnicity. METHODS: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2001-2010) for 8-17-year-old children (n = 11,378) was used. AL scores were generated using cardiovascular, metabolic and immune biomarkers. Multivariable log binomial regression models adjusted for age, sex, poverty: income ratio (PIR), health insurance status and the frequency of healthcare visits, were used to assess the relationships of interest. RESULTS: Racial/ethnic inequality was evident in UD and AL, where Mexican American and black children exhibited more UD and a higher AL score than white. AL was associated with UD in fully adjusted models. This association was significant across all racial/ethnic groups, but was stronger in Mexican American and black children, compared to their white counterparts. CONCLUSIONS: Similar racial inequality is evident in AL and UD that is not explained by poverty and/or behavioral factors. Racial/ethnic inequality is also evident in the association between AL and UD.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".