PNF Improves Clinical Symptoms In Older Adults With Knee Osteoarthritis During Stair Ascending
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of a 6-week proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) intervention on pain, proprioception, and joint moments during stair ascending in older adults with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). METHODS: Thirty-six people with KOA were randomly divided into the PNF and control (CTR) groups. The PNF group received PNF stretching, and the CTR group participated in a health lecture series, all for one-hour sessions, three times a week, for 6 weeks. Self-reported pain was assessed using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index. Joint proprioception was measured using a proprioception device. Joint moments were measured using a motion analysis system with a force platform. Data were collected at week0 (W0) and week7 (W7). Final data analysis included 14 participants of the PNF group (10 female, 65.3 ± 4.6 years, 161.1 ± 7.5 cm, and 71.1 ± 10.0 kg) and 13 participants of the CTR group (9 female, 66.6 ± 6.9 years, 161.0 ± 10.9 cm, and 69.1 ± 13.6 kg). Two-way (group by time) ANOVA with repeated measures was used to evaluate the intervention effects. Bonferroni-adjusted post-hoc pairwise comparison was used wherever appropriate. Cohen’s d was used to represent the effect size of the post-hoc pairwise comparison. RESULTS: Significant group by time interaction (P < 0.05) was observed with favorable PNF intervention results. Selected post-hoc results as following: After the intervention, the PNF group decreased their “using stairs” pain score (W0: 5.7 ± 2.1, W7: 2.6 ± 2.1; P < 0.001, d = 1.47), knee flexion (W0: 5.6 ± 4.2, W7: 2.8 ± 1.7; P = 0.002, d = 0.76) and extension (W0: 6.3 ± 4.9, W7: 4.0 ± 3.3; P = 0.049, d = 0.54) proprioception thresholds; Peak knee adduction moment decreased (W0: 0.3 ± 0.1, W7: 0.2 ± 0.1; P = 0.026, d = 0.27), and peak knee extension moment increased (W0: 0.3 ± 0.1; W7: 0.4 ± 0.2; P = 0.011, d = 0.64) during stair ascending. At W7, the PNF group showed lower pain score (PNF group: 2.64 ± 2.13, CTR group: 6.9 ± 1.7; P < 0.001, d = 2.19) and knee flexion (PNF group: 2.8 ± 1.7, CTR group: 6.1 ± 4.1; P = 0.011, d = 1.05) and extension (PNF group: 4.0 ± 3.3, CTR group: 6.6 ± 2.7; P = 0.035, d = 0.86) proprioception thresholds than the CTR group. CONCLUSIONS: PNF was an effective clinical treatment for KOA to relieve pain, improve knee proprioception, and improve joint kinetics.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".