Knockdown of lysyl oxidase like 1 inhibits the proliferation and pro-fibrotic effects of transforming growth factor-β1-induced hypertrophic scar fibroblasts
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The excessive healing response during wound repair can result in hypertrophic scars (HS). Lysyl oxidase like 1 (LOXL1) has been reported to be associated with fibrosis via targeting transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) signaling. This study aimed to investigate the effect of LOXL1 on HS formation. The expression of LOXL1 in HS tissues and TGF-β1-induced HS-derived fibroblasts (HSFs) was detected via reverse transcription quantitative PCR and Western blot. LOXL1 was silenced in HSFs using transfection with short hairpin RNA (shRNA), then wound healing process including cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution, migration, and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition along with Smad expression were measured by cell counting kit-8, EdU staining, flow cytometry, transwell, immunofluorescence, and Western blot assays. LOXL1 was upregulated in HS tissues and TGF-β1-induced HSFs. Knockdown of LOXL1 inhibited proliferation and migration but promoted cell cycle G0/G1 phase arrest in TGF-β1-induced HSFs; it increased expression of cyclin D1, CDK4, MMP2, MMP9, COL1A1, COL1A2, fibronectin, COL3A1, α-SMA, but decreased expression of p27, and the phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3 caused by TGF-β1 were also blocked by LOXL1 silencing. Silence of LOXL1 could effectively inhibit TGF-β1-induced proliferation, migration, and ECM deposition in HSFs via inactivating Smad pathway. Targeting LOXL1 may have future therapeutic implications for HS treatment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".