В МГИМО – Университете МИД России проведена международная дискуссия (круглый стол) по теме «Недра Арктики и международное право»
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Lawyers, economists, diplomats from Russia, Canada, Norway, USA, and Denmark participated in the discussion on the topic. In his opening remarks Professor A N Vylegjanin (Head, Department of International Law, MGIMO) underlined the importance of the topic because of the political and economic value of the statute of arctic subsoil and international law Professor S A Gureev and Dr I Bunik provided a general overview of alternative approaches on defining the statute of arctic high-altitude subsoil. According to them, there is no sense to allow more than 150 states to access the Arctic subsoil, which would happen if the International Area is established in the Arctic Accordingly, they offered alternative principles of delimiting the Arctic Oceans’s subsoil between the arctic states only Professor O Sanders, Director of Canadian Institute of Resources Law, was the main reporter. His report highlighted the following: at the moment, the statute of the Arctic’s high altitude subsoil is of no practical meaning, but it may change in the future; sectoral borders in the Arctic are drawn as state borders on some official Canadian maps, meeting each other at the North Pole; Canadian legislation on the Arctic sector is the oldest (since 1906); Canada, however, is flexible in its implementation. There were differing opinions on some of the issues. The idea of the Arctic states having to transfer part of their continental shelf in the Arctic to the Area was debated; some participants suggested that states are not obliged to do so Furthermore, it is impossible legally: one of the Arctic states is not a member of the 1982 Convention/ The suggestion that Russia has started already establishing the Area in the Arctic by making a submission according to article 76 of the 1982 Convention was criticized, as it is not possible to establish the Area from the Russian side only There was only one question where all participants agreed: rights of a state on its continental shelf exist ipso facto and ab initio and do not depend on any recommendation, including that of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf/
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.020 | 0.010 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".