Tibet Identification of the Fragrance Allele and Development of the Functional Markers for Fragrance in Taiguoxiaoxiangzhan
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The fragrant rice breeding has become an important direction for hybrid rice breeding program. The selection and utilization of parent materials with ideal plant type, fine grain quality, strong resistance and other excellent agronomic characteristics with strong fragrance, especially the utilization and cultivation of the fragrant rice restorer lines, is of great significance to further promote the fragrant hybrid rice breeding. Taiguoxiaoxiangzhan is a restorer line with excellent grain quality, strong resistance and fragrance, which has been widely used in fragrant rice breeding in China. In order to trace the fragrance in Taiguoxiaoxiangzhan, we identified the type of the fragrance gene in Taiguoxiaoxiangzhan was badh2-E7 which has an 8 bp deletion and three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in exon 7, and this gene is a non-functional badh2 allele and that the functional Badh2 allele encoding betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH2) could render rice non-fragrant. Furthermore, we found that the Taiguoxiaoxiangzhan increased 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) content (0.108 mg/kg) compared with the non-fragrant rice varieties of Nipponbare and 9311 (<0.01 mg/kg) by the GC-MS method. We also proved that FMbadh2-E7 and InDel-E7, two molecular markers reported earlier, can be applied in different genotypes, including Badh2/Badh2 (non-fragrance homozygote), Badh2/bahd2 (non-fragrance heterozygote) and badh2/badh2 (fragrance homozygote). In addition, based on sequence divergence amongst the functional Badh2 and null badh2-E7 allele, we developed two functional markers, FMbadh2-E7A and FMbadh2-E7B, which can be easily used to distinguish non-fragrant from fragrant rice. Genetic analysis shows that the segregation of Badh2/Badh2 , Badh2/badh2 and badh2/badh2 in the F 2 population derived from crosses between Taiguoxiaoxiangzhan and different restorer lines fitted a theoretical ratio of 1:2:1, indicating that the fragrance of Taiguoxiaoxiangzhan is controlled by a single nuclear recessive gene ( bahd2 ). In this study, the identification and genetic analysis of the fragrance gene in Taiguoxiaoxiangzhan and the development of functional markers for fragrance have been studied, which provides a theoretical foundation for the further breeding of fragrant hybrid rice with excellent quality, high yield and strong resistance by molecular marker-assisted selection technology.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".