In vitro Bioassay of Allelopathic Activities of a Mangrove Tree, Kandelia obovata, and Fast-growing Trees, Betula platyphylla and Populus alba, Using Protoplast Co-culture Method
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Allelopathic activities of a salt-tolerant and low-temperature tolerant mangrove tree, Kandelia obovata, which grows in brackish water regions of sub-tropical areas, and two fast-growing trees, Betula platyphylla and Populus alba, which grow in the temperate area, were examined by two in vitro bioassay methods, the sandwich method using dried leaves and the protoplast co-culture method using leaf protoplasts. Lettuce root growth examined by the sandwich method, was inhibited 50% by 50 mg dried mature leaves of K. obovata. In the protoplast co-culture method, inhibition rates of cell division of lettuce protoplasts were 31% and 69% by leaf protoplasts of K. obovata at densities of 1 × 104 mL-1 and 5 × 104 mL-1, respectively. These results were compared with the inverse relationship between allelopathic activities and salt tolerance of mangrove plants of different families. B. platyphylla showed 37% inhibition by the sandwich method using dried young leaves, but only 10% inhibition at 5 × 104 mL-1 by the protoplast co-culture method using leaf protoplasts of B. platyphylla. Dried young leaves of P. alba showed 66% inhibition, but the leaf protoplasts at the density of 5 × 104 mL-1 showed highly stimulatory activity. Abscisic acid, of which contents in leaf protoplasts of three tree species varies from high to low in relation to salt tolerance and recalcitrance of tissue culture, was discussed as a putative allelochemical.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".