Elucidating the inherent features of IS to better understand idiopathic scoliosis etiology and progression
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Idiopathic Scoliosis (IS) is a relatively common condition and is estimated to affect as many as 3 % of youth aged 10-17 years (in the United States an estimated approximately 1.4 million otherwise healthy individuals). A clear understanding of the etiology will better direct optimization of evaluation, treatments and therapies, especially early treatments with less invasive methods. A mechanistic explanation of factors combining to initiate and then cause progression of this common condition-- in otherwise healthy pre-teenage and teenage patients--will be discussed. A recent well-designed structured systematic review states that 'strong evidence is lacking for a consistent pattern of occurrence and any abnormality', in other words there is no strong evidence for 'other associated diagnoses' in IS. And so, certain important inherent factors of IS merit greater discussion. Inherent, or intrinsic factors include: a natural susceptibility to develop a lateral and rotational deformity in the immature rapidly growing erect human spine, inherent torsion associated at the induction of deformity, biomechanics related to curve progression, and anthropology/bipedal gait. We know more today about factors related to the condition and its etiology than we have previously. Across multiple disciplines, a mechanistic approach to understanding the etiopathogenesis of IS, allows a reasonable 'theory' for IS etiology and its progression. We will discuss these inherent intrinsic factors in order to further add to our understanding of the theoretical etiopathogenesis. A better understanding of the etiology (and progression) may better direct ways to optimize evaluation, treatments and therapies, especially early treatments with less invasive methods.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".