Mechanical properties and precipitation behavior of high strength hot-rolled ferritic steel containing Nb and V
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The mechanical properties and precipitation behavior of hot-rolled microalloyed steels with varied Nb and V additions were investigated. The steels had a predominantly ferritic microstructure with a very good combination of strength ( σ U T S = 800–1000 MPa), ductility (total elongation = 16–19%) and hole expansion ratio (32–34%). The strength increased with increasing Nb and V content. The stretch-flangeability of the steels did not deteriorate with increasing strength. The favorable hole expansion behavior of the steels is attributed to the fine ferrite grain size (1.6–1.8 μm) and uniformity of the microstructure, as well as the fine precipitates of Nb and V carbonitrides in the matrix. Nb carbonitrides formed during hot rolling and contributed to the grain refinement through their interaction with recrystallization. The co-precipitation of Nb and V carbonitrides during coiling was confirmed and characterized by 3D atom probe tomography . The formation of these fine precipitates contributed to further increase in the strength of the V-containing steel allowing the steel to achieve strength >1000 MPa.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it