Impacts of tracheal mites (Acarapis woodi (Rennie)) on the respiration and thermoregulation of overwintering honey bees in a temperate climate
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The impact of the tracheal mite ('Acarapis woodi') on the respiration and thermoregulation of wintering of honey bees was investigated. The oxygen consumption rate (mlO2/bee/hr) of individual bees infested with mites (8.93 ± 0.07) was significantly lower than for non-infested bees (9.82 ± 0.07) after acclimatizing to 15°C. Bees with sealed spiracles had the lowest oxygen consumption rate (8.33 ± 0.09). The oxygen consumption rate after acclimatization to 24°C and to 5°C was significantly lower for clusters (200 bees) of tracheal mite infested bees than for non-infested bees. Colonies with high tracheal mite prevalence had significantly lower core cluster temperatures in comparison to colonies with low mite prevalence. As an extension of this research, protection and means of mite control were investigated. For winter protection of bee colonies, the indoor wintering facility and the Davies system offered more protection than did the waxed cardboard boxes and the tar paper wrap. A spring application of formic acid reduced tracheal mite infestation by 93%. Microencapsulated menthol reduced mite infestation by 50%. Lowering tracheal mite prevalence prior to winter and providing an efficient wintering system did reduce the negative effects that tracheal mites have on the oxygen consumption rates of honey bees thus improving their thermoregulatory ability and their survivorship.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".