Ocular findings in patients undergoing cancer treatment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Purpose: Our goal is to perform a complete clinical ophthalmologic examination in cancer patients receiving treatment (radiation, chemotherapy, or combinations) in order to assess adverse ocular events. Methodology: This study was conducted at the McGill University Health Centre. Necessary approval by the hospital ethics regulatory board was obtained prior to recruitment of patients and commencement of the study. The details of the study were explained to patients prior to securing informed consent. Inclusion criteria were as follows: all patients receiving any modality of treatment for any type of cancer, with or without ocular complaints. Exclusion criteria were as follows: inability to or difficulty in visiting the eye clinic for subsequent follow-ups. A comprehensive ophthalmologic evaluation was conducted, including assessment of visual acuity, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, intraocular pressure measurement, dilated fundus examination, and optical coherence tomography of both the anterior and posterior segments. Data gathered from the initial visit served as baseline for the patient’s symptoms and health status of the patient’s eye, as well as type of cancer and treatment modality. Results: We analyzed data for 118 patients with cancer diagnosis. The median age was 67 years (29–93 years). Regarding gender, 73 (61.86%) were female and 45 (38.14%) were male. Among all patients, 51 (43.22%) had breast cancer, 29 (24.58%) had lung cancer, 21 (17.80%) had hematological cancer, and 17 (14.41%) had gastrointestinal cancer. Eighty-two patients (69.49%) received chemotherapy as their main treatment, whereas 36 (30.51%) received radiation therapy. We identified 69 patients (58.47%) with alterations in the ocular examination, which consisted of dry eyes in 41 patients (34.75%) and cataracts in 28 patients (23.73%). Conclusion: Cancer treatment may lead to ocular signs and symptoms including affecting visual acuity. Early recognition of these side effects is important to minimize ocular manifestations and to improve quality of life throughout the treatment. Specific associations between ocular findings and a particular cancer treatment need yet to be determined.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".