Self-healing of laboratory eroded defects in a GCL on silty sand
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The self-healing of five geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) with laboratory simulated down-slope erosion defects (quasi-circular holes and linear slits where there is little or no bentonite) upon hydration from Godfrey silty sand subgrade with w fdn = 16% under an overburden stress σ v = 20 and 100 kPa is examined. While there was an up to 9.6 mm reduction in hole diameter/slit width, none of the defects fully self-healed. The self-healing of these laboratory eroded specimens with a swell index of 10.2 ± 1.7 ml/2 g after hydration is generally smaller than that of the corresponding virgin GCLs. GCLs with powdered bentonite with an initial SI of 32 ml/2 g generally self-healed better and the intact specimens had a lower hydraulic conductivity than GCLs with granular bentonite with an initial SI of 24–26 ml/2 g. Higher mass per unit area of bentonite and overburden stress led to better self-healing. Ponding of distilled (DI) water above the GCL increased self-healing of GCL slightly more than simulated synthetic landfill leachate (SSL). The post-hydration hydraulic conductivity, k, of GCL specimens with holes/slits is shown to be about 1–3 orders of magnitude higher than that of the intact GCL specimen.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".