Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Greenland
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The Inuit of Alaska and Canada have a higher incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease than non-inuit. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate incidence and outcome of these infections in Greenland with special reference to pneumococcal serotypes. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study of invasive pneumococcal infections in Greenland in the period 1996-2002. METHODS: Cases were defined as patients with positive cultures of Streptococcus pneumoniae from blood and/or CSF samples received at the microbiological laboratory of Dronning Ingrids Hospital Nuuk. Isolates were sent to Statens Serum Institut in Copenhagen for serotyping. Medical charts were reviewed. RESULTS: Fifty one cases were identified. The incidence among Inuit was 54 and among non-inuit 17 per 100,000 per year. Twenty one patients were in the age group 35-49 years and 20 in the age group 50-64 years. Twenty patients had meningitis (incidence 6 per 100,000/year). Seventeen patients died (33%). The most common serotypes were 1 (6 cases) and 12F (8 cases). The mortality rate was significantly higher among patients with 12F than among others (p < 0.01). No patients with serotype 1 died. CONCLUSION: As in Canada and Alaska the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease, especially meningitis, is high among the Inuit in Greenland. Young and middle aged adults were most frequently affected. Pneumococcal serotype seems to be an important determinant for the outcome of invasive pneumococcal disease.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".