Formwork systems selection criteria for building construction projects: a critical review of the literature
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The formwork system (FWS) is one of the key components in reinforced concrete (RC) construction. Therefore, selection of the most appropriate FWS plays a critical role in the project success. Because selection of the FWS is affected by several compromising and conflicting criteria, since the early 1990s, numerous studies have been carried out to identify the FWS selection criteria and (or) have employed various multicriterion decision-making (MCDM) methods. However, there is no research to date that has conducted a critical review of the previous studies addressing the FWS selection criteria in construction projects. This study aims to fill this knowledge gap. For this purpose, a critical review of the relevant literature was carried out using an integrative approach, and the findings were validated through face-to-face interviews with professionals specialized in formwork engineering. The findings of this study should provide practitioners with a useful guide that can assist them in selecting the most appropriate FWS.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.035 | 0.053 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.020 | 0.018 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".