A new relaying scheme for protection of transmission lines connected to DFIG‐based wind farms
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This paper presents a new protection scheme with low communication capacity requirement for protecting lines connected to a doubly‐fed induction generator (DFIG)‐based wind farm (WF). The proposed relaying scheme addresses the line protection challenges which stem from the non‐synchronous frequency component of the current fed from a DFIG‐based WF during a short‐circuit fault. The fault current frequency of a DFIG‐based WF deviates from the synchronous frequency during a fault, which affects the operation of distance relays. In such a scenario, the distance relay located at the WF terminal may lose its coordination with downstream relays, resulting in unnecessary tripping. The proposed scheme relies on the impedance trajectory captured by the local relay, local fault current characteristics, and the frequency tracking of the fault current measured at the distance relays located at the two ends of the transmission line connected to a DFIG‐based WF. The reliable performance of the proposed scheme is verified on a 4‐bus test system under balanced and unbalanced faults during super‐ and sub‐synchronous operating modes of the DFIG as well as its robustness against power system disturbances.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it