Low Reynolds Number Flow Development Near a Wing Tip in the Presence of Laminar Boundary Layer Separation.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-2819.vid An experimental investigation is conducted on a NACA 0018 semispan wing with an aspect ratio of 2.5 at a Reynolds number of 125000 and an angle of attack of 6 degrees. Stereo particle image velocimetry is used to explore the three-dimensional velocity field of the laminar separation bubble forming on the suction surface of the wing. Weak acoustic forcing, verified to produce negligible mean flow deformation, is used to obtain phase-locked PIV measurements of the shear layer vortex shedding process. Along the wingspan, variations occur in the bubble topology and dynamics that are linked to three-dimensional end effects. Near the wingtip, a substantial spanwise flow develops within the recirculation region of the bubble, and the wall-normal extent of the separation bubble progressively diminishes, accompanied by a delay in shear layer transition. In close proximity to the wingtip, separation is suppressed entirely, and the bubble terminates. The phase-averaged results reveal the spanwise and streamwise evolution of shear layer roll-up vortices in the aft portion of the separation bubble, which remain essentially two-dimensional despite spanwise variations in the mean bubble structure. Except for the immediate proximity to wingtip (~0.3 chord lengths), both mean mean bubble topology and shedding characteristics show relatively minor spanwise variations in comparison to those that could be expected on a two-dimensional profile for the same change in the effective angle of attack.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".