An experimental apparatus for in-situ neutron diffraction studies of hydrogen ingress, dissolution and precipitation at controlled temperature and applied tensile stresses
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This manuscript presents the design and utilisation of a unique environmental chamber allowing specimens to be heated and cooled, under tensile load and controlled atmosphere, while in a neutron beam, offering a unique opportunity for in-situ neutron diffraction experiments. The chamber was built to gain insight into the impact of parameters such as tensile stress, temperature and exposed atmosphere on the hydrogen solubility of materials and on the mechanisms relating to delayed hydride cracking, hydrogen embrittlement and hydrogen ingress. The investigation presented in this work shows the chamber's performance up to 450°C and 275 MPa applied tensile stress. The effect of tensile stresses and temperature on hydrogen solubility in Zr-2.5Nb is presented for samples nominally charged to hydrogen concentration equivalents of 200 and 500 wppm (mg/kg). Due to kinetic factors, no significant effect of tensile stress on the hydrogen solubility of our samples was found for temperatures up to 300°C and at tensile stresses up to 275 MPa.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".