Real-Time In Vivo Assessment of Retinal Reattachment in Humans using Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Purpose To assess the in vivo physiology of retinal reattachment in humans using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) in real time. Design Prospective case series. Methods Fifteen consecutive patients with fovea-involving rhegmatogenous retinal detachment were undergoing pneumatic retinopexy. SS-OCT was performed at presentation and frequent intervals immediately after pneumatic retinopexy. The primary outcome was longitudinal assessment of early postoperative SS-OCT to establish stages of reattachment. Results Most patients (93.3%, 14/15) achieved successful reattachment at the median follow-up duration of 13 weeks (interquartile range 7.5-18.0). Reattachment occurred in 5 specific stages: 1) redistribution of fluid and approach of the neurosensory retina toward the retinal pigment epithelium occurred in 100% (15/15); 2) reduction in cystoid macular edema and improvement of outer retinal corrugations was achieved in 100% (15/15); 3) initial contact of the neurosensory retina to the retinal pigment epithelium occurred completely in 66.7% (10/15); 4) deturgescence of the inner and outer segments of the photoreceptors occurred in 66.7% (10/15); and 5) recovery of photoreceptor integrity occurred in 3 specific substages: 5A) external limiting membrane recovery (10/15, 66.6%); 5B) ellipsoid zone recovery (9/15, 60%); and 5C) interdigitation zone/foveal bulge recovery (3/15, 20%). Twenty percent (3/15) had delayed progression through stage 2, characterized by formation of outer retinal folds. Similarly, 33.3% (5/15) developed residual subfoveal fluid blebs (delayed progression to stage 3). Conclusions This study characterizes the in vivo physiology of retinal reattachment in humans using high-resolution SS-OCT that occurs in 5 specific stages. Delayed progression through certain stages was characterized by postoperative anatomic abnormalities. Am J Ophthalmol 2021;221:•••–•••. © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".