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Record W3186343296 · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2021.07.030

Emergence of an early SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in the United States

2021· article· en· W3186343296 on OpenAlexaff
Mark Zeller, Karthik Gangavarapu, Catelyn Anderson, Allison R. Smither, John A. Vanchiere, Rebecca Rose, Daniel J. Snyder, Gytis Dudas, Alexander Watts, Nathaniel L. Matteson, Refugio Robles‐Sikisaka, Maximilian Marshall, Amy K. Feehan, Gilberto Sabino‐Santos, Antoinette R. Bell-Kareem, Laura D. Hughes, Manar Alkuzweny, Patricia Snarski, Julia Garcia‐Diaz, Rona S. Scott, Lilia I. Melnik, Raphaëlle Klitting, Michelle McGraw, Pedro Belda‐Ferre, Shashank Sathe, Clarisse Marotz, Nathan D. Grubaugh, David J. Nolan, Arnaud Drouin, Kaylynn J. Genemaras, Karissa Chao, Sarah E. Topol, Emily Spencer, Laura Nicholson, Stefan Aigner, G Yeo, Lauge Farnaes, Charlotte A. Hobbs, Louise C. Laurent, Rob Knight, Emma B. Hodcroft, Kamran Khan, Dahlene N. Fusco, Vaughn S. Cooper, Phillipe Lemey, Lauren Gardner, Susanna L. Lamers, Jeremy P. Kamil, Robert F. Garry, Marc A. Suchard, Kristian G. Andersen

Bibliographic record

VenueCell · 2021
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicSARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
Canadian institutionsUniversity of TorontoBlueDot (Canada)St. Michael's Hospital
FundersSmall Business Innovation ResearchNational Institute of General Medical SciencesNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesVlaamse regeringEuropean CommissionNvidiaNational Center for Advancing Translational SciencesWellcome TrustNational Human Genome Research InstituteAdvanced Micro DevicesNational Institutes of HealthNational Science Foundation
KeywordsOutbreakSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)Transmission (telecommunications)Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)Biology2019-20 coronavirus outbreakSars virusPandemicScale (ratio)VirologyBetacoronavirusEvolutionary biologyInfectious disease (medical specialty)GeographyDiseaseTelecommunicationsCartographyMedicine

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex
No abstract in any covered source. Its absence is recorded, not treated as a negative.

No abstract. This is not a gap in this database; OpenAlex has none either. 23.3% of the frame is in this state, and the screen finds HALF as much metaresearch here, so the absence is a measured bias rather than a missing field.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: Bench or experimental
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.035
Threshold uncertainty score0.268

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.074
GPT teacher head0.375
Teacher spread0.301 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designBench or experimental
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations52
Published2021
Admission routes1
Has abstractno

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