Revisiting Heavy-Hitter Detection on Commodity Programmable Switches
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Existing in-network heavy-hitter detection algorithms suffer from several shortcomings. On the one hand, most of the algorithms perform monitoring in intervals and reset the data structures in between; consequently, a notable amount of heavy hitters (HH) spanning across the intervals go undetected. On the other hand, the algorithms consume substantial hardware resources, potentially hindering other data plane functionalities to be integrated on the same device.In this work, we revisit the state-of-the-art in-network approaches in this regard and identify that they fall short in over-coming the aforementioned issues. In particular, we investigate whether it is possible to design a heavy-hitter detection algorithm that provides high accuracy without consuming substantial re-sources, thereby making it feasible to integrate with concurrent applications. To this end, we propose dSketch, a time-decaying algorithm for in-network heavy-hitter detection. Trace-driven simulations and evaluations on the Intel Tofino-based commodity switches show that dSketch significantly improves the detection rate of HHs by 5–10% while being resource- and operation-efficient in contrast to state-of-the-art approaches. Moreover, we show that dSketch can be integrated with standard switch functionalities such as switch. p4 with additional resources spared, offering itself as a compelling solution for switch data plane designers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".