Quantitative shock measurement of olivine in ureilite meteorites
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Ureilites are the second most abundant achondrite meteorite group, yet they are from an unknown source. They are ultramafic in composition and have undergone thermal metamorphism as well as shock deformation since their formation. In this work, olivine grains from six monomict ureilites, Northwest Africa 7059, Elephant Moraine 96042, Shişr 007 (all ˜shock level S3), Northwest Africa 2221 (S3‐S4), Larkman Nunatak 04315 (S5), and Allan Hills A81101 (˜S6) and one polymict ureilite, Elephant Moraine 87720 (S5), were examined by in situ micro‐X‐ray diffraction (XRD). It is observed in this study that with increasing shock, the samples develop more complicated 2‐D XRD patterns from diffracted spots, to streaks, to asterism, and “spotty” Debye rings, and these patterns correspond to shock metamorphic effects observed by optical microscopy from undulatory extinction to mosaicism and annealing or recrystallization textures. These 2‐D XRD patterns, representing olivine strain‐related mosaicity (SRM), as documented by given lattice planes, were each measured as the sum of the full‐width‐half‐maximum along the Debye ring or χ dimension (∑[FWHMχ]) to quantify the shock‐related deformation recorded in the olivine grains. In each meteorite, all olivine lattice planes show similar measured ∑(FWHMχ) values for the diffraction streaks. This work demonstrates an increasing trend of average ∑(FWHMχ) in degrees of arc, 4.0 ± 1.7°, 4.1 ± 1.4°, 3.7 ± 1.8° (all S3), 4.9 ± 2.1° (S3–S4), 7.0 ± 3.5° (S5), 13.4 ± 5.7° (S6), and 7.5 ± 3.3° (polymict, S5), which agrees well with petrographic observations. This quantitative method contributes to a more comprehensive shock classification system specifically for ureilites, complementing recently published shock classification systems for olivine‐bearing rocks.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it