Transcriptome Analysis of Durusdinium Associated with the Transition from Free-Living to Symbiotic
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To detect the change during coral–dinoflagellate endosymbiosis establishment, we compared transcriptome data derived from free-living and symbiotic Durusdinium, a coral symbiont genus. We detected differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using two statistical methods (edgeR using raw read data and the Student’s t-test using bootstrap resampling read data) and detected 1214 DEGs between the symbiotic and free-living states, which we subjected to gene ontology (GO) analysis. Based on the representative GO terms and 50 DEGs with low false discovery rates, changes in Durusdinium during endosymbiosis were predicted. The expression of genes related to heat-shock proteins and microtubule-related proteins tended to decrease, and those of photosynthesis genes tended to increase. In addition, a phylogenetic analysis of dapdiamide A (antibiotics) synthase, which was upregulated among the 50 DEGs, confirmed that two genera in the Symbiodiniaceae family, Durusdinium and Symbiodinium, retain dapdiamide A synthase. This antibiotic synthase-related gene may contribute to the high stress tolerance documented in Durusdinium species, and its increased expression during endosymbiosis suggests increased antibacterial activity within the symbiotic complex.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".