The Phenotypic Spectrum of New-onset IBD in Canadian Children of South Asian Ethnicity: A Prospective Multi-Centre Comparative Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Canadian-born children of South Asian [SA] ethnicity develop inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] at similar rates to those among Caucasian children. We evaluated the variation in phenotypic spectrum of IBD in SA and Caucasian children in a national paediatric inception cohort of new-onset IBD. METHODS: Patients aged <17 years, enrolled in a Canadian nationwide inception cohort study, were included. Baseline demographic and IBD phenotypic features were compared between SA and Caucasian children. Longitudinal outcomes through 18 months of follow-up were compared matched by propensity scores. RESULTS: Of 1156 children enrolled over 2014 to 2019, 623 were Caucasian [98% and 88% parents Canadian born] and 114 SA [79% Canadian born, 87% parents SA born]. Fewer SAs have a first-degree relative with IBD, 6% vs 19% in Caucasians, p = 0.002. SAs present at a younger age, median age 11.4 years (interquartile range [IQR] 9.2-14.3) vs 13 years [IQR 10.9-15 years], p = 0.03 and more commonly with a UC/IBD-U [ulcerative colitis/IBD-unclassified] subtype [ratio of UC/IBD-U to CD 1.2:1 vs 1:1.8 for Caucasians, p <0.001]. Additionally, a greater proportion of SA CD patients present with colonic-only disease [colonic-only CD/UC/IBD-U in SAs 67% vs 57% for Caucasians, p = 0.001], and among those with CD, colonic CD in SAs 31% vs 23% in Caucasians, p = 0.20]. Perianal fistulising disease was also numerically more common in SAs (14 [27%] vs 64 [18%], p = 0.06]. Adjusting for differences in phenotypic presentation, anti-tumour necrosis factor [TNF] exposure, and time to initiation was similar, and two-thirds of children, whether anti-TNF exposed or naïve, were in corticosteroid-free clinical remission at 18 months irrespective of ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS: The phenotypic spectrum of new-onset IBD in SA children differs from that of Caucasian children, but treatment and clinical course are similar within phenotypic subgroups.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".