Preparing and characterizing biodegradable materials for ureteral stents
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The development and application of biodegradable ureteral stents is of clinical significance for patients with ureteral stenosis and obstruction. We prepared five types of degradable monofilament, namely poly‐L‐lactide, poly(L‐lactide‐co‐ glycolide) (85% L‐lactide, 15% glycolide), poly(L‐lactide‐co‐glycolide‐co‐ε‐ caprolactone) (89% L‐lactide, 8% glycolide, and 3% ε‐caprolactone), poly(L‐lactide‐ co‐D,L‐lactide) (95% L‐lactide, 5% D,L‐lactide), and poly(lactide‐co‐ε‐caprolactone) (95% L‐lactide, 5% ε‐caprolactone), by melt extrusion and secondary drawing processes, after which degradation experiments were carried out in simulated urine at 37°C for 2 months. Because residues in the urinary systems of patients can cause complications, it is important that biodegradable ureteral stents are completely degraded after 6 weeks. Poly‐L‐lactide did not completely degrade under the abovementioned conditions and its molecular weight changed little. On the other hand, the poly(L‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) monofilament degraded slightly faster than that prepared from poly‐L‐lactide; however it maintained a certain mechanical strength after 8 weeks, which is not ideal for a woven ureteral stent. The poly(L‐lactide‐co‐D,L‐lactide), poly(L‐lactide‐co‐glycolide‐co‐ε‐caprolactone), and poly(lactide‐co‐ε‐caprolactone) monofilaments exhibited good tensile strengths and elongations at break in the first four weeks, which were reduced to almost zero in the eighth week. Ureteral stents made of these polymers can open narrow urethras at early stages and degrade completely at later stages. Based on its degradation rate, we conclude that the poly(lactide‐co‐ε‐caprolactone) monofilament is the best material for the preparation of ureteral stents.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it