Does rectal palpation of pregnant moose cows affect pre- and neo-natal mortality of their calves?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Chemical immobilization and handling of animals may increase the risk of mortality and reduce reproductive output and survival of offspring born to immobilized mothers. We examined to what extent winter chemical immobilization using etorphine and subsequent handling affected the immediate risk of mortality and subsequent calving success and early calf mortality in a Norwegian moose population. Following 227 immobilizations of 136 different moose, we experi- enced no mortality during the capture process or any mortality in the 6 weeks following immobili- zation. Similarly, there were no significant differences in calving success (presence or absence of calf or calves) or summer mortality (birth - mid-September) of calves from cows drugged the preceding winter versus undrugged cows. However, splitting the material into age groups, we found significantly lower calving success among drugged cows aged 6-15-years compared to un-drugged cows of the same age group, and higher mortality of calves born to 4-year-old drugged cows compared to those from 4-year-old un-drugged cows. Cows that were rectally palpated for pregnancy determination had a higher fetal and calf loss than those that were not rectally palpated. This led us to conclude that rectal palpation, and not the immobilization process per se, was the most likely cause of reduced calving success and calf survival. The presence of a palpation effect may have been influenced by increased stress involved with the weighing process to obtain body mass, but nearly all cows were weighed after immobilization, so we were unable to determine the separate effect of this procedure. ALCES VOL. 39: 65-77 (2003)
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".