Biocontrol of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum With Bacillus spp. Strains
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum in cotton is one of the main diseases of this crop. The pathogen is difficult to control because it produces chlamydospores, which allows it to survive in the soil for long periods without the presence of its main host. The control of this disease is based on varieties with some resistance, certified seeds, and fungicides used to treat seeds. Thus, the development of control alternatives is needed to increase the number of resources to manage this disease in the field. Bacillus are bioregulators and antagonists of several important phytopathogens. Therefore, the objective of this work was to select strains of Bacillus (Paenibacillus alvei, Bacillus thuringiensis, B. megaterium, and B. lentus), whose metabolites are toxic to F. oxysporum in laboratory and greenhouse conditions, in addition to adjusting in vitro methodologies to perform and evaluate selection tests. This work determined the best culture medium for the direct confrontation assays, proposed a grading scale to facilitate decisions about selection with the dual tests, identified among the strains selected in the confrontation assays those that produce volatile and non-volatile metabolites toxic to F. oxysporum, and tested these selected strains for disease control during seed germination in greenhouse trials. In last test, some strains of Bacillus had a potential protective effect during the germination of cotton seeds.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".