Gadolinium-free Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Liver using an Oatp1-targeted Manganese(III) Porphyrin
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Controversy surrounding gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) have rendered their continued utility highly contentious, but the liver-specific GBCA Gd(III) ethoxybenzyl-diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (Gd(III)-EOB-DTPA) remains in use because it provides unique diagnostic information that could not be obtained by any other means. To address the need for an alternative liver-specific MRI contrast agent, we synthesized Mn(III) 20-(4-ethoxyphenyl) porphyrin-5,10,15-tricarboxylate (Mn(III)TriCP-PhOEt), which exhibited significantly higher r 1 relaxivity than Gd(III)-EOB-DTPA, and targeted organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1 (Oatp1) channels as a biomarker of hepatocyte viability. Mn(III)TriCP-PhoEt increased the r 1 relaxation rate of cells expressing rodent Oatp1a1 and human Oatp1b3 , relative to control cells not expressing these liver channels. In mice, Mn(III)TriCP-PhoEt resulted in significant and specific increases in liver signal intensity on T 1 -weighted images, and significant decreases in liver T 1 time relative to precontrast measurements. Our findings suggest that Mn(III)TriCP-PhOEt operates as a specific and sensitive MR contrast agent for in vivo liver imaging.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".