Risk of Arterial and Venous Thromboembolic Events Among Patients with Colorectal Carcinoma: a Real-World, Population-Based Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: To assess real-world patterns of arterial and venous thromboembolism among patients with colorectal carcinoma. Methods: The Alberta provincial cancer registry and other provincial medical records were used to identify patients with colorectal cancer (2004–2018) with no preceding or succeeding cancer diagnosis. The incidence of both arterial and venous thromboembolism in this patient population as well as factors associated with these thromboembolic events were examined through logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 17,296 patients were found eligible and were included into the current study. We observed that 1564 patients (9%) experienced a thromboembolic event and 15,732 patients (91%) did not. The following factors were associated with any thromboembolic event: male sex (odds ratio [OR]: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.08–1.34), higher comorbidity (OR: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.31–1.41), metastatic disease (OR for nonmetastatic vs metastatic disease: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.47–0.60), living within North zone (OR for Edmonton zone vs North zone: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.59–0.84), treatment with fluoropyrimidines (OR for no fluoropyrimidines vs fluoropyrimidines: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.47–0.60) and treatment with bevacizumab (OR: for no bevacizumab vs bevacizumab: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.47–0.60). Factors associated with venous thromboembolism include, younger age (continuous OR with increasing age: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.98–0.99), higher comorbidity (OR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.04–1.17), metastatic disease (OR for nonmetastatic disease vs metastatic disease: 0.40; 95% CI: 0.35–0.47), North zone (OR for Edmonton zone vs North zone: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.56–0.86), treatment with fluoropyrimidines (OR for no fluoropyrimidines vs fluoropyrimidines: 0.45; 95% CI: 0.39–0.53) and treatment with bevacizumab (OR for no bevacizumab vs bevacizumab: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.58–0.93). Conclusion: Thromboembolic events are not uncommon among colorectal cancer patients, and the risk is increased with male sex, higher comorbidity, presence of metastatic disease, living within the North zone of the province (where there is limited access to tertiary care centers) and treatment with fluoropyrimidines or bevacizumab.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".