Investigation of small- to large-strain moduli correlations of rockfill materials — application to Romaine-2 dam
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The establishment of relationships between the shear wave velocity (V s ) and other geotechnical parameters of rockfills under large strains (e.g., oedometer-constrained modulus, M oedo , and tangent elastic modulus, E t ) is a significant step toward precise modeling of earth structure stress–strain behavior. In this study, four specimens reconstituted from the rockfill used for Romaine-2 dam construction were investigated experimentally to correlate small-strain to large-strain moduli. The development of M oedo and V s with consolidation was measured in a laboratory using the piezoelectric ring-actuator technique (P-RAT) incorporated in a large oedometer cell. A correlation between M oedo and the small-strain shear modulus (G o ) was proposed. Moreover, numerical simulations were performed using the Duncan–Chang hyperbolic model to correlate V s and the Duncan–Chang initial elastic modulus (E i ), which depends on the minor principal stress (σ 3 ). Based on the experimental and numerical data, a relationship between the E i and V s of the rockfill specimens was established. Verification studies were also performed using in situ measurements obtained from the Romaine-2 dam construction, and the ability of the proposed relationships to predict E i from in situ V s measurements was demonstrated. The proposed correlations can help geotechnical designers estimate the deformation characteristics of rockfill materials from in situ V s measurements.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".