A diet deficient in vitamin D <sub>3</sub> delays disease onset in the female, but not the male, G93A mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by muscle weakness, paralysis and death. Prenatal vitamin D3 (D3) deficiency delays disease onset and decreases disease severity in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis, a disease which shares common pathophysiologies with ALS. Objective To determine whether a diet deficient in D3 affects disease severity, functional outcomes and lifespan in a mouse model of ALS. Methods At age 25 d, 51 G93A mice (28 M, 23 F) were divided into two D3 groups: 1) adequate (AI; 1 IU D3/g feed) and 2) deficient (DEF; 0.025 IU D3/g feed). Starting at age 60 d, functional and disease outcomes were measured until endpoint (CS 5). Tibialis anterior (TA), quadriceps and brain were harvested at age 113 d from an additional 35 G93A mice. Results No differences were found in disease severity and lifespan between DEF and AI mice, however DEF-F tended to have 22% lower motor performance (MP) area under the curve vs. AI-F between disease onset (CS 2) and CS 5 (P = 0.100). DEF-F reached CS 2 at a 48% slower rate than AI-F (HR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.20, 0.89; P = 0.023), a delay of 5 d (P = 0.060). Body weight-adjusted TA (r = 0.65, P < 0.001) and quadriceps (r = 0.66, P < 0.001) weights strongly correlated with age at CS 2. Conclusion D3 deficiency in female G93A mice delays disease onset, but compromises MP between disease onset and endpoint. Supported by NSERC and Faculty of Health-York U. Grant Funding Source: NSERC and Faculty of Health-York University
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".