Metal‐Insulator‐Insulator‐Metal Diodes with Responsivities Greater Than 30 A W<sup>−1</sup> Based on Nitrogen‐Doped TiO<i><sub>x</sub></i> and AlO<i><sub>x</sub></i> Insulator Layers
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Metal‐insulator‐insulator‐metal diodes based on nitrogen‐doped titanium dioxide (NTiO x ) and aluminum oxide (NAlO x ) are fabricated and characterized for the first time. Pt/TiO x ‐NTiO x /Pt and Pt/TiO x ‐NAlO x /Pt diodes with 30 nm of TiO x or NTiOx and 5 nm of NAlO x are compared to undoped Pt/TiO x /Pt and Pt/TiO x ‐AlO x /Pt diodes of similar thickness. The nitrogen atoms are expected to modify the barrier heights and produce electron traps in the insulators. This changes the conduction mechanisms of the doped diodes, including the introduction of unidirectional, defect‐mediated Poole–Frenkel transport and trap‐assisted tunneling, which increase the performance of the doped diodes. The representative figures of merit observed for a Pt/TiO x ‐NAlO x /Pt diode at 0.5 V include an asymmetry of 8.76 × 10 3 , nonlinearity of 4, and zero‐bias responsivity of 22.3 A W −1 . Zero‐bias responsivities as high as 36.8 A W −1 are obtained, which surpass the 19.4 A W −1 theoretical limit for Schottky diodes. Notably, this defect‐engineering approach is found to improve the figures of merit without an unwanted increase in diode resistance. A thinner Pt/NTiO x ‐NAlO x /Al diode is also produced, which has a low zero‐bias resistance of 36 Ω, nonlinearity of 3.7, and zero‐bias responsivity of 1.7 A W −1 .
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it