Improving surgical patient’s knowledge about safe use of opioids: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background Currently, it is not routine practice to provide standardized patient education for safe postoperative opioid use. The objective of our study was to evaluate the impact of an educational pamphlet for surgical patients on knowledge about safe use, proper storage, and disposal of opioids. Methods This multi-center randomized controlled study recruited 100 patients in the pre-operative clinic. Inclusion criteria were English-speaking, ≥ 18 years, able to give informed consent, and not on opioids for chronic pain or within the past 30 days. All patients completed a baseline knowledge questionnaire (maximum score 38) on opioid safety. Patients were randomized to intervention: educational pamphlet, or control: standard care (no pamphlet) group. Questionnaires were repeated immediately post-education in the intervention group, and at 15, and 30 days after surgery in both groups. The primary outcome was change in knowledge score post-education in the intervention compared to control group. Secondary outcomes were immediate post-education, 15, and 30-day score, and answering safe storage, and disposal questions correctly. Results Between groups, the post-education score immediately after the intervention was higher in the intervention vs. control group baseline 34.2 [95% CI 33.1–35.3] vs 28.3 [95% CI 26.6–29.9]; P < 0.0001). In the intervention vs control group, mean scores were higher 31.6 (95% CI 30.5–32.7) vs 29.1 (95% CI 27.9–30.2; P = .002) at 15 days, and 32.4 (95%CI 31.4–33.5) vs 30.5 (95% CI 29.2–31.7; P = .017) at 30 days. Within the intervention group, the mean score immediately post-education (34.2 [95% confidence interval (CI) 33.1–35.3]) was higher than baseline (27.8 [95% CI 26.3–29.3]); P < 0.0001. Within the intervention group, the difference in mean score versus baseline was 3.8 (95% CI 2.1–5.5) at 15 days, and 4.6 (95% CI 2.9–6.3) at 30 days, (P < 0.05 for all timepoints). For safe disposal, a correct answer was given (intervention vs control group) by 100% vs 89.7% at 30 days (P = 0.04). Conclusions Within the intervention group, there was a significant improvement in knowledge on safe opioid use immediately post-education, and retention of knowledge at 15 and 30 days postoperatively. The intervention group had better knowledge scores compared to the baseline control group, and 15 and 30 days after surgery. Trial Registration: This study was registered in clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03959787 on May 22, 2019.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.023 | 0.052 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.010 | 0.005 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.011 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".