Ecological and human health risk assessment of total petroleum hydrocarbons in surface water and sediment from Woji Creek in the Niger Delta Estuary of Rivers State, Nigeria
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study was designed to assess total petroleum hydrocarbon (THP) concentrations in the surface water and sediment sampled from Woji Creek and to assess potential ecological and human health risk due to petroleum hydrocarbons along the creek. Physicochemical parameters [pH, temperature (T), electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO), total dissolved solids (TDS)] were in-situ measured from sediment and surface water; hydrological parameters (width, depth and volume) were used to calculate the flow rate (discharge) at different stations of the creek. Trend of TPH in the surface water samples along the creek were as follows: St4 (3.639 ± 1.121 mg/L) > St3 (2.449 ± 0.623 mg/L) > St1 (1.457 ± 0.244 mg/L) > St2 (1.069 ± 0.228 mg/L) > St5 (1.010 ± 0.120 mg/L) Trend of TPH concentration across the creek was as follows: St1 - 8.758 ± 0.697 mg/kg > St3 - 7.675 ± 0.541 mg/kg > St5 - 5.515 ± 0.401 mg/kg > St4 - 5.075 ± 0.363 mg/kg > St2 - 3.162 ± 0.307 mg/kg. Diagnostic indices indicate that the hydrocarbon in the creek was from petrogenic source. Estimation of ecological risk indicated risk in the surface water but not in the sediment. However, human health risk assessment indicated no risk due to human ingestion of the sediment or surface water.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".