The Association of Serum Albumin Level with Cognition and Daily Function in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Due to the high prevalence of cognitive disorders in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients undergoing hemodialysis and its negative effects on the quality of life of dialysis patients, recognizing the factors affecting cognitive disorders in essential. We investigated the relationship of cognitive condition and functional status of elderly patients undergoing hemodialysis with serum albumin levels. Methods: The present study was performed on 80 patients aged higher than 60 years who suffering regular hemodialysis due to ESRD. The Barthel Index was used to assess basic daily activities. To assessgeneral cognitive function, the Mini–Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) tests were used. Results: Our study indicated cognitive disorder in 57% of subjects. The mean level of serum albumin level in the groups with and without cognitive disorders was 3.91±1.74 mg/dl and 4.32± 1.83 mg/dl respectively indicating lower albumin level in the groups suffering cognitive abnormality (P<0.001). Our study also showed an adverse association between serum albumin level and functional status as independence to others in daily activities. We showed higher rate of cognitive impairment in those with underlying congestive heart failure (P=0.018) and also in diabetic and hypertensive ones (P=0.002). Conclusion: In hemodialysis patients, duration of dialysis along with low serum albumin affect patients' cognition and daily function.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".