Bibliographic record
Abstract
Giant clams of the family Tridacnidae live in symbiosis with intercellular dinoflagellates of the genus Symbiodinium, often referred to by the trivial name “zooxanthellae.” Intact clams take up both ammonium and nitrate when they are offered separately. When zooxanthellae were removed from the mantle and incubated in hemolymph, they took up ammonium, and they took up nitrate when ammonium concentrations were low enough (< 1 PM) not to inhibit uptake. The pH of hemolymph collected from the venous sinuses (immediately below the mantle tissue where most of the zooxanthellae reside) varied on a diel cycle, with highest values (-8.1) measured during the middle of the day and lowest (-7.2) detected at night. Zooxanthellae are probably responsible for the alkalization of the hemolymph since the increase in pH is coincident with maximum light levels and photosynthesis. Natural concentrations of ammonium in the hemolymph of freshly collected clams were inversely correlated with pH, with highest values detected at night when pH was lowest. Rates of diffusion of ammonia from seawater (pH 8.1) into animal compartments of lower pH were proportional to the pH differential. Diffusion of ammonia over a pH gradient, with diel variation in pH, may act to regulate availability of nitrogen to the algal symbionts in all zooxanthellae symbioses, including reef corals, thereby controlling the timing and rate of algal division.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.006 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.990 | 0.992 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; the direct Gemma label and the distilled Codex classifier agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".