Evaluation Des Teneurs En Eléments Traces Métalliques (Cadmium Et Plomb) Dans L’eau, Les Sédiments Et Deux Espèces De Poissons Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) Et Oreochromis niloticus (Linné, 1758) Dans Le Pool Malebo (Fleuve Congo), RD Congo
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cette étude a pour objectif d’évaluer les niveaux de contamination en Eléments Traces Métalliques (Cadmium et Plomb) dans l’eau, les sédiments et dans l’organisme de deux espèces de poissons, pélagique (Oreochromis niloticus Linné, 1758) et benthique (Clarias gariepinus Burchell, 1822). Elle a eu lieu de Juillet 2019 à Octobre 2019, dans le Pool Malebo (fleuve Congo/Kinshasa) à Kingabwa, sur deux sites (Baramoto et Mongole). Les analyses des Eléments Traces Métalliques ont été effectuées à l’aide du spectrophotomètre UV-visible. Les teneurs en ETM dans les eaux ont été respectivement de 0,01±0,001 pour le Cd (mg/L) et 0,05±0,03 pour le Pb (mg/L) à Baramoto, et de 0,02±0,01 pour le Cd (mg/L), et 0,01±0,005 pour le Pb (mg/L) à Mongole. Ces teneurs sont supérieures aux seuils recommandés par l’OMS (Cd: 0,003 mg/L ; Pb: 0,01 mg/L). L’analyse des sédiments des deux sites a révélé des teneurs généralement faibles, en dessous des seuils recommandés par le Conseil Canadien des Ministres de l’Environnement (CCME). Par ailleurs, les teneurs de ces deux ETM ont montré une certaine variabilité relative dans les branchies et les muscles de deux espèces étudiées. Ces teneurs dépassent les seuils de recommandation de l’OMS (Cd: 0,05 mg/kg; Pb: 0,2 mg/kg) sur la comestibilité des poissons. L’espèce pélagique, Oreochromis niloticus (Cd: 0,179±0,086 mg/kg; Pb: 0,249±0,117 mg/kg) a montré des teneurs élevées que l’espèce benthique, Clarias gariepinus (Cd: 0,173±0,097 mg/kg; Pb: 0,219±0,096 mg/kg). Des plus, chez les deux espèces, Les branchies (Pb: 0,272±0,075 mg/kg à 0,263±0,055 mg/kg; Cd: 0,219±0,122 mg/kg à 0,208±0,055 mg/kg) concentrent plus d’Eléments Traces que les muscles (Pb: 0,166±0,081 mg/kg à 0,236±0,082 mg/kg; Cd: 0,127±0,085 mg/kg à 0,150±0,063 mg/kg). La consommation régulière de ces poissons pourrait engendrée des effets néfastes à la santé humaine. The objective of this study is to assess the levels of contamination of Metal Trace Elements (Cadmium and Lead) in the water, sediments and in the organism of two species of fish, pelagic (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus, 1758) and benthic (Clarias gariepinus Burchell, 1822). It took place from July 2019 to October 2019, in the Pool Malebo (Congo River / Kinshasa) in Kingabwa, on two sites (Baramoto and Mongole). The analyzes of the Metal Trace Elements were carried out using the UV-visible spectrophotometer. The ETM contents in the water were respectively 0.01 ± 0.001 for Cd (mg / L) and 0.05 ± 0.03 for Pb (mg / L) at Baramoto, and 0.02 ± 0 , 01 for Cd (mg / L), and 0.01 ± 0.005 for Pb (mg / L) in Mongolian. These levels are above the thresholds recommended by WHO (Cd: 0.003 mg / L; Pb: 0.01 mg / L). Analysis of the sediments from both sites revealed generally low levels, below the thresholds recommended by the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME). In addition, the contents of these two ETM showed a certain relative variability in the gills and the muscles of two species studied. These levels exceed the WHO recommendation thresholds (Cd: 0.05 mg / kg; Pb: 0.2 mg / kg) on the edibility of fish. The pelagic species, Oreochromis niloticus (Cd: 0.179 ± 0.086 mg / kg; Pb: 0.249 ± 0.117 mg / kg) showed higher levels than the benthic species, Clarias gariepinus (Cd: 0.173 ± 0.097 mg / kg; Pb : 0.219 ± 0.096 mg / kg). In addition, in both species, the gills (Pb: 0.272 ± 0.075 mg / kg to 0.263 ± 0.055 mg / kg; Cd: 0.219 ± 0.122 mg / kg to 0.208 ± 0.055 mg / kg) concentrate more Trace Elements than muscles (Pb: 0.166 ± 0.081 mg / kg to 0.236 ± 0.082 mg / kg; Cd: 0.127 ± 0.085 mg / kg to 0.150 ± 0.063 mg / kg). Regular consumption of these fish could have harmful effects on human health.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".