TIN(II)-CONTAINING FLUORIDE ION CONDUCTORS: HOW TIN MULTIPLIES THE FLUORIDE ION CONDUCTION BY UP TO THREE ORDERS OF MAGNITUDE
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Electrical conduction by the motion of ions in the solid state was considered to be impossible for a long time. When Michael Faraday discovered that solid lead(II) fluoride conducts electricity when heated, it was an anomaly and the conduction mechanism remained ununderstood for long. Nowadays, several ions of small size and low charge, such as H + , Li + and F -, are known to be highly mobile in solid compounds provided the crystal structure contains pathways that make possible easy ionic motion. We have prepared new compounds, PbSnF4 and BaSnF4 and other phases in the PbF2-SnF2 system that increase the conduction efficiency by up to three orders of magnitude relative to the corresponding MF2. Solid state fluoride ion batteries (FIBs) promise high specific energy and thermal stability. High potential solid state rechargeable fluoride ion batteries are being designed and BaSnF4 has been used as one of the ingredients to form an interlayer solid electrolyte with high conductance. In the current work, we have analyzed the role of divalent tin in these structures, in terms of crystal structure and of local bonding to fluorine, in an effort to understand how it can result in such a high enhancement of the conductivity. Diffraction methods were used to investigate the crystal structures and 119 Sn Mssbauer spectroscopy for studying the mode of Sn-F bonding and the electron configuration of tin.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it