Evaluation of pheromone traps and lures for trapping male Agriotes sputator (Coleoptera: Elateridae) beetles in eastern Canada: pheromone traps and lures for Agriotes sputator
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In North America, monitoring for Agriotes spp. click beetles typically has been done using Vernon beetle traps baited with bubble cap sex pheromone lures. This trap and lure are no longer produced commercially and a new trap, the Vernon pitfall trap, and lure design are used now for both invasive Agriotes and native pest species. Herein we compare the 2 trapping methods for Agriotes sputator (L.) (Coleoptera: Elateridae), and provide a calibration factor between them to allow comparison of survey results using the different methods. When deployed for the entire swarming season, Vernon pitfall traps fitted with the new capsule lures collect 0.7× as many A. sputator as Vernon beetle traps fitted with the bubble cap lures, and Vernon beetle traps fitted with capsule lures collect 0.5× as many beetles as Vernon beetle traps fitted with bubble cap lures. Unlike bubble cap lures, however, capsule-style lures need to be primed (maintained at room temperature for 3 wk) before deployment in the field, or else their initial attractiveness will be limited and trap catches will not be representative of populations present at the time. In addition, results from field studies indicate that these capsule lures deplete over the swarming season, and depending on the trapping objective (e.g., mass trapping) may need to be replaced after 5 to 6 wk of deployment. Increasing the lure load to 2× or 4× the regular 40 μL geranyl butanoate, or the capsule container size from 1.0 to 2.5 mL, did not significantly increase the number of A. sputator collected. Resumen En America del Norte, se han realizado el monitoreo de especies de Agriotes spp. (escarabajos saltapericos) generalmente utilizando trampas para escarabajos Vernon cebadas con senuelos de feromonas sexuales con tapa tipo burbuja. Esta trampa y senuelo ya no se producen comercialmente y una nueva trampa, la trampa de caida Vernon, y un diseno de senuelo se utilizan ahora tanto para las especies invasoras de Agriotes como para las plagas nativas. Aqui comparamos los 2 metodos de captura para Agriotes sputator (L.) (Coleoptera: Elateridae) y proporcionamos un factor de calibracion entre ellos para permitir la comparacion de los resultados de sondeo utilizando los diferentes metodos. Cuando se despliegan durante toda la temporada de enjambre, las trampas de caida Vernon equipadas con los nuevos senuelos de capsula recolectan 0,7 veces mas A. sputator que las trampas de escarabajos Vernon equipadas con los senuelos de tapa de burbuja, y las trampas de escarabajos Vernon equipadas con senuelos de capsula capturaron 0,5 veces mas escarabajos como trampas para escarabajos Vernon provistas de senuelos tipo burbuja. Sin embargo, a diferencia de los senuelos con tapa de burbuja, los senuelos tipo capsula deben cebarse (mantenerse a temperatura ambiente durante 3 semanas) antes de su despliegue en el campo, o de lo contrario su atractivo inicial sera limitado y las capturas con trampa no seran representativas de las poblaciones presentes en el campo a ese momento. Ademas, los resultados de los estudios de campo indican que estos senuelos de capsula se agotan durante la temporada de enjambre y dependiendo del objetivo de captura (por ejemplo, captura masiva), es posible que sea necesario reemplazarlos despues de 6 semanas de despliegue. El aumento de la carga de senuelos a 2 o 4 veces la cantidad del butanoato de geranilo normal de 40 μL, o el tamano del recipiente de la capsula de 1,0 a 2,5 mL, no aumento significativamente el numero de A. sputator recolectados. Key Words: wireworm; click beetle; mass trapping; monitoring View this article in BioOne
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it