Scouring of sand beds by short impinging turbulent jets
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Laboratory experiments were carried out to study the scouring of sand beds by vertically impinging submerged circular turbulent water jets with short impinging height of 5.5 times the jet diameter. Measurements of the profiles of the static scour hole at different times were made along with the dynamic scour depths using a novel experimental arrangement. It was found that the asymptotic characteristic lengths of the scour hole can be predicted using the erosion parameter, E c , of short impinging jet experiments. The ratio of the dynamic to static scour depths in asymptotic state varies between 2.1 and 4.3, for E c ranges between 3 and 28. Semi-empirical prediction equations are developed for the asymptotic lengths and empirical equations are developed for the temporal development of the characteristic lengths. These equations show good correlations, with the coefficient of correlation (R 2 ) varying beween 0.83 and 0.98. The shape of the dimensionless asymptotic scour hole is found to be different for short and long impinging jets. A general equation for its shape is developed considering the shape as a function of the submerged angle of repose of the bed material.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".