Seed germination responses to low-level narrow-band light spectra for 14 ornamental plant genotypes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To investigate whether low-level lighting is necessary and which narrow-band light spectra are effective in seed germination, seeds of 14 genotypes from begonia (Begonia × tuberosa), echinacea (Echinacea spp.), gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii), petunia (Petunia × hybrida), and vinca (Catharanthus roseus) were germinated under ultraviolet-B (UVB), blue (B), green (G), red (R), far-red (FR) light, or darkness. Light-emitting diode (LED) fixtures provided all spectrum treatments except for UVB, which was provided by a narrow-band fluorescent light. The photon flux density at seed level was ≈18 μmol·m −2 ·s −1 for B, G, R, and FR, and 0.4 μmol·m −2 ·s −1 for UVB. Based on daily germination observations, final germination percentage, germination onset time, germination time spread, and germination speed were compared among different spectrum treatments for each of the plant genotypes. There were no promotive effects on final germination percentage, germination onset time, and germination time spread under the narrow-band lights compared with darkness. For all plant genotypes, B had a similar effect as darkness on seed germination. FR inhibited seed germination relative to darkness by reducing final germination percentage by 31%–88%, delaying germination onset time by 30%–40%, and decreasing germination speed by 11%–48% in some genotypes. Under R, G, and UVB compared with darkness, germination speed was promoted for begonia ‘Apricot Shade’, a light-requiring genotype, and inhibited for vinca ‘Burgundy’, a light-inhibited genotype. Therefore, lighting at low levels used in our study is unnecessary for seed germination of the tested species except light-requiring genotypes, where R, G, and UVB are the most promotive among the tested narrow-band lights.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".