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Record W3196028389 · doi:10.1057/9781137508829.0015

Division Headquarters Go Abroad â A Step in the Internationalization of the Multinational Corporation

2015· book-chapter· en· W3196028389 on OpenAlex
Mats Forsgren, Ulf Holm, Jan Johanson

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenuePalgrave Macmillan eBooks · 2015
Typebook-chapter
Languageen
FieldBusiness, Management and Accounting
TopicInternational Business and FDI
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsMultinational corporationInternationalizationDivision (mathematics)BusinessCorporationDivision of labourInternational tradePolitical scienceFinance

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

In 1986, SKF, the Swedish ball-bearing company was reorganized into a multi-divisional structure (M-form) and a speciality bearing division was formed. At the same time the US ball-bearing company MRC with a strong position in some speciality bearing lines was acquired. The headquarters (HQ) of the speciality bearing division were placed in the USA with the executive manager of the former North American regional HQ as division executive. Also in 1986, Alfa Laval, the old Swedish multinational corporation (MNC) with roots in separator technology, was divided into 12 divisions. The German subsidiary Bran+Luebbe GmbH became a division of its own headed by the former subsidiary executive with HQ in Germany. Further, in the 1980s the packaging division of SCA, one of the leading Swedish pulp and paper corporations, expanded rapidly in the European market through a number of foreign acquisitions. In 1989, division HQ were moved from Sundsvall in Sweden, where corporate HQ were situated, to Brussels in the new centre of their European market. The top management was unsatisfied with earlier attempts of managing at a distance. Thus, when foreign operations increased and became a larger part of the division’s total operations it was decided to move division HQ abroad.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: Theoretical or conceptual
GenreCandidate signal: Other · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.985
Threshold uncertainty score0.765

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.030
GPT teacher head0.253
Teacher spread0.223 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it