Relationship between low back pain and hip and trunk rotation and core endurance in amateur male golfers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Golf is a unique sport that has been growing in popularity all around the world and can be played and appreciated regardless of age, gender, or athletic ability. Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common musculoskeletal complaints among golfers. Research shows that low back pain in golfers can be determined by repetitive asymmetrical trunk rotations, decreased core endurance and diminished amplitude of hip rotation. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between low back pain (LBP) and hip and trunk rotation and core endurance in amateur male golfers. Methods: Twenty-six amateur male golfers (age 43.6 ± 8.9 yr.; BMI 26.6 ± 3.6) participated in the study. History of LBP and golf related data (playing duration. intensity and golfers’ handicap) were taken. Subjects underwent measurements of hip medial and lateral as well as trunk rotation active range of motion (AROM) with goniometer. Core endurance was assessed by timing the golfer’s ability to maintain each of three McGill‘s functional test positions: (a) the lateral musculature test performed on each side, (b) the flexor endurance test, and (c) the back extensor test. LBP intensity and functional disability (FD) level were evaluated according to Oswestry disability index.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".