Investigations of water droplet impact and freezing on a cold substrate with the Lattice Boltzmann method
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
A multiphase Lattice Boltzmann model with phase change is presented for studying droplet impact and solidification on an airfoil. The proposed model combines a pseudo-potential multiphase model and a thermal single-component phase change model. These two models are verified separately. The pseudo-potential model with the Peng–Robinson equation of state is used to simulate large density ratios of multiphase flows. The thermal model is based on the total enthalpy and allows the phase change without using an iterative methodology. The coupling is made through the immersed moving boundary method that handles the solid–liquid interface. The generalization for curved surfaces is introduced through to a novel extrapolation method at boundaries. The effects of surface wettability, static contact angle and initial velocity of the droplet on the evolution of solid fraction and total freezing time are discussed and compared to other simulation and experimental works.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it