An Automotive-Grade Monolithic Masterless Fault-Tolerant Hybrid Dickson DC–DC Converter for 48-V Multi-Phase Applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Autonomous-driving features necessitate a fault-tolerant (FT) power-management unit in 48-V automotive applications. This article presents a monolithic single-phase closed-loop masterless FT four-to-one hybrid Dickson converter IC for high-conversion-ratio 48-V automotive multi-phase applications. The chip includes: 1) a mixed-signal droop-based valley-current ON-time quasi-fixed-frequency control, which enables masterless multi-phase operation capability; 2) single-point short-circuit fault and open-circuit fault detection and blocking of any power switches or flying capacitors; 3) an optimized high-voltage (HV) power stage with fully integrated flying-capacitor-sourced gate drivers without any external bootstrap capacitors; 4) a glitch-free cross-coupled bootstrapped HV level shifter; and 5) a dual-leg bidirectional closed-loop current-sensing circuit optimized for the hybrid Dickson topology. The design was fabricated in a 0.13-$\mu \text{m}$90-V automotive silicon-on-insulator (SOI) bipolar-CMOS–DMOS (BCD) process. The measured results confirm the operation over 20–60-V input, 3.3-V nominal output, 3-A maximum load, and 320-kHz effective switching frequency within the automotive-grade −40 °C–+125 °C ambient temperature. The design achieves above 90% measured efficiency at maximum conversion ratio and load at room temperature. A three-phase system is used to evaluate and confirm the fault-blocking capability and continuous power delivery upon detection of a fault.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".