Redox ratio in the left ventricle of the growth restricted fetus is positively correlated with cardiac output
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a result of limited substrate supply to the developing fetus in utero, and can be caused by either placental, genetic or environmental factors. Babies born IUGR can have poor long-term health outcomes, including being at higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Limited substrate supply in the IUGR fetus not only changes the structure of the heart but may also affect metabolism and function of the developing heart. We have utilised two imaging modalities, two-photon microscopy and phase-contrast MRI (PC-MRI), to assess alterations in cardiac metabolism and function using a sheep model of IUGR. Two-photon imaging revealed that the left ventricle of IUGR fetuses (at 140-141 d GA) had a reduced optical redox ratio, suggesting a reliance on glycolysis for ATP production. Concurrently, the use of PC-MRI to measure foetal left ventricular cardiac output (LVCO) revealed a positive correlation between LVCO and redox ratio in IUGR, but not control fetuses. These data suggest that altered heart metabolism in IUGR fetuses is indicative of reduced cardiac output, which may contribute to poor cardiac outcomes in adulthood.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".