COMPARATIVE FEATURES OF DAIRY EFFICIENCY OF COWS OF THE GOLSHTEIN AND HOLSHTINIZED BLACK AND WHITE BREEDS OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
Bibliographic record
Abstract
В последние 20—25 лет на маточном поголовье черно-пестрого скота активно использовалось семя быков-производителей голштинской породы, завезенных по импорту из США и Канады. Это привело к тому, что в республике сформировался массив черно-пестрого скота с высокой долей кровности по улучшающей голштинской породе. Параллельно по импорту завозились и животные голштинской породы, в основном телки случного возраста и нетели. В конечном итоге в Казахстане образовались генотипы, схожие по внешним признакам, но отличающиеся по продуктивности. В статье отражены результаты научных исследований по сравнительному изучению молочной продуктивности коров двух родственных пород черно-пестрой масти. Показано, что высококровные (более 87,5 % по улучшающей породе) животные по удою на 30—43% уступали чистопородному голштинскому скоту, однако помеси на 2—4% превосходили голштинов по содержанию жира и белка в молоке. Отмечены идентичные биологические свойства обеих пород, связанные с лактационной кривой, как за полную лактацию, так и по суточным надоям. Полученные результаты обосновывают целесообразность полного поглощения значительной части казахстанской популяции черно-пестрого скота голштинской породой. Однако необходимо определенную часть животных сохранить в чистоте и на этой основе создать генофондные стада. In the last 20—25 years, the seed of bulls-producers of the Holstein breed, imported from the USA and Canada, has been actively used on the broodstock of black-and-white cattle. This led to the formation in the republic of an array of black-and-white cattle with a high proportion of blood in the improving Holstein breed. At the same time, animals of the Holstein breed were also imported, mainly heifers of breeding age and heifers. Ultimately, genotypes were formed in Kazakhstan, similar in appearance, but differing in productivity. The article reflects the results of scientific research on a comparative study of the milk productivity of cows of two related breeds of black and white color. It has been shown that high-blooded (more than 87.5% in the improving breed) animals in milk yield were 30—43% inferior to pure-bred Holstein cattle, but hybrids exceeded Holsteins by 2—4% in fat and protein content in milk. The identical biological properties of both breeds, associated with the lactation curve, both for full lactation and for daily milk yield, were noted. The obtained results justify the feasibility of fully absorbing a significant part of the Kazakh population of black and white cattle by the Holstein breed. However, it is necessary to keep a certain part of the animals clean and on this basis create gene-pool herds.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".