The Effect of Oketani Breast Massage on Successful Breastfeeding, Mothers’ Need for Breastfeeding Support, and Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy: an Experimental Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background: The most important factor in the survival and health of infants is breastfeeding. One of the complications of cesarean sections is their negative effect on the quality of breastfeeding. This study aimed to determine the effect of Oketani breast massage on the maternal need for support during breastfeeding, breastfeeding success, and breastfeeding selfefficacy. Methods: The research sample in this clinical trial study included pregnant women who referred to Mahdiyeh, Taleghani, and Imam Hossein hospitals as candidates for a cesarean section. The mothers were selected using convenience sampling and randomly assigned to the intervention group (n = 55) and the control group (n = 58). The data were collected using, the Infant Breastfeeding Assessment Tool (IBFAT), the Breastfeeding Charting System (LATCH), and the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale (BSES). To assess the breastfeeding success rate, the number of breastfeeding times, and the onset time of the first breastfeeding were recorded. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 20) via the independent samples t-test, the Mann–Whitney U test, and chi-square test. Results: The results of the study suggested that the breastfeeding success rate in both the first two breastfeeding stages and the last pre-discharge breastfeeding was significantly higher for the participants in the intervention group than the members of the control group (p <0.001). Besides, the mother's need for support in the first two breastfeeding stages (p = 0.044) and the last pre-discharge breastfeeding (p <0.001) in the intervention group was less than that of the mothers in the control group. The number of breastfeeding in the intervention group was higher than the control group (p = 0.002). Furthermore, the mothers in the intervention group breastfed their infants in a significantly less time interval (p = 0.002). The breastfeeding self-efficacy was significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group (p <0.001). Conclusion: Oketani massage can be used as a care intervention by nurses to improve breastfeeding in mothers who undergo cesarean sections and have more breastfeeding problems. Trial registration Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT): IRCT20190129042542N1.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".