Birth‐site habitat selection in gray seals <i>(<scp>Halichoerus grypus</scp>)</i>: Effects of maternal age and parity and association with offspring weaning mass
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Selection of birth‐site habitat can have important effects on the reproductive success of females and the survival of offspring. We studied birth‐site habitat selection by gray seals ( Halichoerus grypus ) on Sable Island, Nova Scotia, and the associated effect on offspring body mass at weaning. We identified a mosaic of eight habitats using orthorectified imagery from a photographic aerial survey conducted in January 2016. The distribution of birth sites of 814 females in 2014–2016 compared to the available habitat in 2016 provided evidence for positive selection of habitats that were not subject to tidal influence or flooding. The habitat selected for parturition varied with both female age and parity. Younger and inexperienced females were more likely to pup in beach habitat, while older and more experienced females were more commonly found inland and on vegetated dunes. Longitudinal data from 540 females observed between 2006 and 2016 revealed moderate repeatability of birth‐site habitat selection ( r = 0.269, 95% CI [0.236–0.326]). Pups born in inland sand habitat that did not flood averaged 1.5 kg heavier (~2%) at weaning than those born on tidally influenced beach habitat. Overall, birth‐site habitat selection was associated with small effects on offspring body mass at weaning.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".